Research progress in biomechanics of common internal fixation for femoral neck fracture

Abstract

To summarize the characteristics and biomechanical research progress of common internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in recent years, so as to provide reference to clinical treatment of femoral neck fracture. The domestic and foreign relevant literature on biomechanics of internal fixation of femoral neck fracture in recent years was reviewed, and the biomechanical research progress was summarized. Among the internal fixations currently used in the treatment of femoral neck fractures, three cannulated screws can provide sliding compression at the end of the fracture, but the shear resistance is weak, and the risk of long-term internal fixation failure is high; dynamic hip screw and proximal femoral locking plate have excellent angle stability and overall strength; medial buttress plate can transform vertical shear force into compressive stress to promote fracture healing and produce a certain anti-rotation effect; femoral neck system can support the fracture in multi-axial direction, with excellent anti-rotation and anti-shortening properties; and cephalomedullary nails have high overall strength and failure load. Different internal fixations have their own indications due to differences in structure and biomechanics. At present, there is no detailed standard guidance of internal fixation selection. Clinically, the appropriate treatment should be selected according to the fracture types of patients.