Abstract
Focusing on virtual water in the international grain trade, this paper calculates the virtual water volume embodied in the international grain trade (mainly rice, wheat, corn and soybean) from 1990 to 2012 in China. By doing so, this paper tries to evaluate the contribution of virtual water in trade grains to the agricultural water use in China and its effect on global water resources. The results reveal that the Chinese grain trade and the virtual water trade have maintained a significant deficit over 23 years and that there is a significant negative correlation between the volumes of imported virtual water and water used for agriculture. Each unit of imported virtual water can reduce agriculture water use by 0.306 units; the water saving effect brought by the international crop trade and the grain trade gap are not synchronous. As a result, we present our proposals for enhancing efficient allocation of water resources and maintaining a sustainable ecological development of the environment.
Highlights
Grain security and water resource security are major issues concerning people’s livelihood [1]
Focusing on virtual water in the international grain trade, this paper calculates the virtual water volume embodied in the international grain trade from 1990 to 2012 in China and compares the volume of the virtual water trade with the total agricultural water consumption, trying to evaluate the contribution of the virtual water trade in grains on the water resources in China and the world
The sample estimation results show that the results are analyzed and passed by T-test, and there exists a negative correlation between the independent variable Xi and the dependent variable Yi
Summary
Grain security and water resource security are major issues concerning people’s livelihood [1]. As the main form of water resource consumption, grain production represents a large amount of virtual water. Additional research has focused on macro level analysis, such as national water footprints or virtual water flows. An example of this is a case study for Spain [17]. Focusing on virtual water in the international grain trade, this paper calculates the virtual water volume embodied in the international grain trade from 1990 to 2012 in China and compares the volume of the virtual water trade with the total agricultural water consumption, trying to evaluate the contribution of the virtual water trade in grains on the water resources in China and the world
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