Abstract
In the era of information and communication technology (ICT) and big data, the map gradually shows a new qualitative feature of “spatiotemporal ubiquitous” with the extension of its object space, expression space and information source, which challenges the theory of cartographic visualization. This paper discusses the ubiquitous map visualization from the object content and expression form. Oriented to the ternary space, it divides the object dimension of ubiquitous map visualization and analyzes the expression characteristics of ubiquitous map visualization. Based on that, it constructs the variable system, symbol system and method system of ubiquitous map visualization. With three cases of the metro roadmap, the tag map, and the three-dimensional (3D) city map, the application of the proposed content is explained to illustrate its effectiveness. The research in this paper is expected to further enrich the theoretical basis of cartographic visualization and provide theoretical support for the expression and application of ubiquitous map visualization.
Highlights
As the core of map expression, visualization has always been one of the core contents of cartographic research
The object content and expression form of ubiquitous map visualization are greatly expanded: in terms of object content, it is oriented to complex, diverse and dynamic scenes in the ternary space, expanding new expression content such as the network behavior of ubiquitous cyberspace, semantic information of collection space, etc. (Ai, 2016); in terms of expression form, driven by information and communication technology (ICT) and big data technologies, various new visualization forms are produced such as cyber maps, metaphor maps, semantic maps, we-maps, text maps, VR/AR/MR maps, etc
This paper summarizes and integrates them to form a variable system of ubiquitous map visualization (Table 2)
Summary
As the core of map expression, visualization has always been one of the core contents of cartographic research. In the era of ICT (information and communication technology) and big data, with the expansion of the object and expression space of maps from the traditional dual space of “geography-humanity”. The process of ubiquitous map visualization has broadened and introduced more diverse content objects, variable types and symbolic forms (Guo, Chen, Ying, Lv, & Li, 2018; Ai, 2016; Ai, 1998; Gao, Zhu, Ying, & Xiao, 2005; Jiang, Nie, & Cao, 2009; Yang, Wu, & Yang, 2021; Bai, Yan, Lu, Zhang, & Zhang, 2021), the map representation has been greatly extended (Chen, 2020), and the existing cartographic theories have not yet formed a relatively complete visual expression system for this. The research in this paper is hoped to expand the theoretical basis of traditional map visualization and provide theoretical support for the expression and application of ubiquitous map visualization in ternary space
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