Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and mechanism of ecosystem service value in the mountain-river-sea transition zone based on “production-living-ecological space” —— Taking the Karst-Beibu Gulf in Southwest Guangxi, China as an example

Abstract

In order to investigate the changing patterns and influencing factors of ecosystem service values (ESV) provided by the “production-life-ecological space” (PLES) in the karst-Beibu Gulf of southwest Guangxi under the geographical characteristics of the mountain-river-sea transition zone, this study selected land use data at four time points from 1990 to 2020, clarified the characteristics of regional ESV evolution through spatial autocorrelation analysis and standard deviation ellipse, and explored its formation mechanism with the help of geographic probes. The results showed that: (1) The overall spatial variation of the total ESV in the study area was obvious, with “high in the southwest and low in the northeast” and a decreasing trend in general. (2) The ESV in PLES perspective showed positive spatial autocorrelation overall and exhibited obvious spatial aggregation characteristics. Their center of gravity as a whole shifts to the southeast, the ellipse area keeps expanding, and the center of gravity positions all remain in Nanning City. (3) ESV evolution is closely related to natural, economic, and social factors, with rocky desertification area and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) having the most significant spatial differentiation effect on ESV provided by production space and ecological space, average altitude contributing more to ESV provided by living space, and interaction between various elements improving ESV differentiation from the perspective of PLES. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for optimizing regional territorial spatial planning and improving regional ESV.