Research on the Predictive Optimal PID Plus Second Order Derivative Method for AGC of Power System with High Penetration of Photovoltaic and Wind Power

Abstract

Because of the uncertainty of the external environment, high penetration of renewable energy such as wind power and solar energy in the modern power system renders the traditional automatic generation control (AGC) methods more challenging. An improved AGC method named predictive optimal proportional integral differential plus second order derivative (PO-PID + DD) for multi-area interconnected grid is proposed in this paper to reduce the negative impacts of the uncertainty which is caused by the high penetration of renewable energy. Firstly, the mathematical model of the AGC system of multi-area power grid with penetration of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power is built. Then, PO-PID + DD controller is presented to improve the system robustness with respect to system uncertainties. In order to obtain the predictive sequence of the integral system output, the characteristic of the controller is included in the system model. Thus, according to the predictive sequence and designed objective function, the input of the controller can be readjusted to obtain the optimal effect of AGC. An IEEE 39-bus system is introduced as an example to testify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results indicate that the system controlled by the proposed controller has desired dynamic performances.