Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the possible application of pyrolysis fuel oils obtained through the pyrolysis of waste plastics. by comparing both the blasting properties and morphology results of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO), which is applied in the mining industry, and ANFO based on pyrolysis fuel oils (FOs), as well as low-temperature properties of all tested FO samples. The low-temperature research includes the measurements of density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, and cloud point. Moreover, a stability analysis was carried out based on the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) coefficient. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that despite pyrolysis FOs showing some differences in comparison with index FO, none of their properties indicated that pyrolysis FOs should be excluded from possible application in ANFO. Additionally, IR, XRD, and SEM analyses were conducted for all ANFO samples. The instrumental analysis did not show any dribbling effect. The blasting tests such as velocity of detonation (VOD), the heat of explosion, and post-blast fumes revealed that VOD values were lower in comparison to the reference ANFO sample. However, the observed differences were either negligible (heat of explosion) or small enough (VOD) to conclude that polyolefin waste-derived pyrolysis fuel oils can be applied as ANFO’s fuel component.
Highlights
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is a non-ideal explosive most frequently obtained by mixing ammonium nitrate (V) with a volatile component (usually fuel oil (FO)), in an appropriate weight ratio that guarantees a zero oxygen balance
This paper aims to present the possible application of pyrolysis fuel oils obtained through the pyrolysis of various plastics into ANFO
Our research indicates that pyrolysis fuel oils obtained through the pyrolysis of plastics could be applied in the mining industry, once some additional post-processing is performed
Summary
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) is a non-ideal explosive most frequently obtained by mixing ammonium nitrate (V) with a volatile component (usually fuel oil (FO)), in an appropriate weight ratio (most often 94.5:5.5) that guarantees a zero oxygen balance. In the case of the mining industry, ammonium nitrate (V) porous prill (AN-PP) is applied. This is recommended, since in comparison to fertilizer grade ammonium nitrate (AN_F), AN-PP has a lower density, a higher retention, and a higher absorption index, ranging from 12% to 16% AN-PP is highly soluble in water, which limits ANFO application in dry boreholes in open-strip mining. Despite this fact, ANFO remains one of the most commonly used explosives in mining globally [5], due to the simplicity of production, high accessibility of products required for its production, low cost of production, and numerous ways of adjusting its explosive properties
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