Abstract
To standardize the specification of negative externality management of mining resources development and promote the process of marketization and diversification of ecological compensation, the article reviews the perspective and method of quantitative evaluation of negative externalities based on summarizing the mineralization principle, characteristics, and three‐generation leaching process of weathered crust elution‐deposited rare earth ore. Then, the principle of external loss in the process of mining and separation of weathered crust elution‐deposited rare earth ore is analyzed and an external loss evaluation system is constructed. In this system, the market value method, shadow engineering method, and labor cost method are mainly used to measure and calculate the industrial “three‐waste” pollution control expenses, ecological environment repair cost, and negative external derivative management cost of weathered crust elution‐deposited rare earth ore development. Finally, based on the evaluation system, the data of the Longshe rare earth mining area in Jiading Town, Xinfeng County, was evaluated by the empirical study and it is obtained that the negative externality cost of the Longshe rare earth mining area in Xinfeng County is 102,900 RMB/t. National and local governments may refer to this model and data to strengthen the prevention and control of air, water, and soil pollution; scientifically control the ecological environment of weathered crust elution‐deposited rare earth waste mines; and safeguard the livelihood and well‐being of the residents of mining areas.
Highlights
Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore refers to the black mica granite or volcanic rock in Yanshanian after the rock formation, wherein the feldspar after many years of CO2, H2O, and organic acid weathering turned into clay containing halloysite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and other components
Related parameters: in the previous formula, Y2 is the cost of land restoration for weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore; S is the area for damaged land; C is the cost of filling or leveling for land; Pl is the repair agent price for the l-th kind of soil; Ql is the amount of the l-th kind of soil repair agent; δ is the correction coefficient, affected by the economic development of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth resources and land restoration type, and so forth. e value of the correction coefficient is from 0.8 to 1.2
Shadow engineering method Market value method Labor cost method Market value method Opportunity cost method deposited rare earth ore; P is the price of human capital; Tr is the lost time for the r-th kind of disease; Yr is the cost of medical care for the r-th kind of disease; M is the number of residents; Lr is the incidence rate for the r-th kind of disease in the contaminated areas; and Lr′ is the incidence rate for the r-th kind of disease in the uncontaminated areas
Summary
Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore refers to the black mica granite or volcanic rock in Yanshanian after the rock formation, wherein the feldspar after many years of CO2, H2O, and organic acid weathering turned into clay containing halloysite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and other components. Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is rich in medium-heavy rare earth elements, with a grade of about 0.03% to 0.15% It was first discovered in the mid-1960s, mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and other southern Provinces of the more humid and hotter climate of the hilly area. Rare earth ores development, a reasonable negative externality evaluation index system is constructed to effectively measure the development loss of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores and to actively improve the quantitative evaluation of negative externality It has provided reference for environmental governance and ecological compensation for residents in mining area, so as to realize the ecological balance of human resource development and natural survival. Tailing piles occupy a large amount of salinization, destruction of mountain land, destroy the ecological landscape, and vegetation growth environment, and cause soil erosion
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