Abstract
Amino-phosphonate derivative R-diphenyl-1-(4-methylbenzothiazole-2-amino)-1-(thiphene-2-yl)-methylphosphonate (Q-R) has a high protective anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity. However, the mechanism responsible for Q-R’s effect on TMV infection is largely unknown. Here, we studied the expression levels of harpin-binding protein 1 (HrBP1) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a) in TMV-infected tobacco plants by using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Then, we verified the interactions between Q-R and the HrBP1 protein from Escherichia coli using isothermal titration calorimetry and studied the Q-R-associated assembly of HrBP1 using size-exclusion chromatography. The results showed that the expression levels of HrBP1 and PR-1a genes were significantly increased by Q-R at the transcriptional level in TMV-infected tobacco plants, and the E. coli-expressed HrBP1 protein was assembled into oligomers by Q-R via binding to HrBP1 with a dissociation constant of 1.19 μM. We, therefore, concluded that Q-R activated the HrBP1 and PR-1a genes and enhanced the ability of HrBP1 to assemble in tobacco plants.
Highlights
Harpin induces hypersensitive responses to plants and induces the defensive processes of pathogen-associated immunity in plant roots (El-Maarouf et al, 2001; Aljaafri et al, 2017; Lawaju et al, 2018).Harpin-binding protein (HrBP1) is a protein receptor of Harpin
To investigate whether Q-R inhibits the antiviral response genes’ expression levels in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tobacco plants, we detected the relative expression of harpin-binding protein 1 (HrBP1) and PR-1a utilizing the Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) assay
The expression levels of the HrBP1 and PR-1a genes in TMV-infected tobacco plants significantly increased compared with the CK (P < 0.05) at the transcriptional level after exposure to by 500 μg/mL of Q-R on 5 days (Figure 2)
Summary
Harpin induces hypersensitive responses to plants and induces the defensive processes of pathogen-associated immunity in plant roots (El-Maarouf et al, 2001; Aljaafri et al, 2017; Lawaju et al, 2018). Harpin-binding protein (HrBP1) is a protein receptor of Harpin. HrBP1 was first discovered in planting cell walls. HrBP1 induces systemic acquired resistance to plants (El-Maarouf et al, 2001). HrBP1 can be selectively up-regulate several signaling pathways, including those of salicylic acid (SA), ethylene and the jasmonic acid. In the SA pathway, the genes encoding enhanced disease susceptibility 1, non-expressor of pathogenesis- related 1, pathogenesis-related protein-1a
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