Abstract

System frequency must be kept very close to its nominal range to ensure the stability of an electric power grid. Excessive system frequency variations are able to result in load shedding, frequency instability, and even generator damage. With increasing wind power penetration, there is rising concern about the reduction in inertia response and primary frequency control in the electric power grid. Converter-based wind generation is capable of providing inertia response and primary frequency response; nevertheless, the primary frequency and inertia responses of wind generation are different from those of conventional synchronous fleets; it is not completely understood how the primary frequency and inertia responses affect the given system under various disturbances and available kinetic energy levels. Simulations are used to investigate the influences of inertia and droop control strategies on the dynamic frequency responses, particularly the index of the second frequency drop under various disturbance and wind conditions. A quantitative analysis provides insight into setting of inertia and droop control coefficients for various wind and disturbance conditions to facilitate adequate dynamic frequency responses during frequency events.

Highlights

  • The ability of an electric power system to maintain its frequency at an acceptable level is crucial for power system reliability [1]

  • These strategies add additional loops to the rotor side converter (RSC) controller of a DFIG based on the measured frequency: the rate of change of frequency loop and system frequency excursion, these strategies are named as inertia control and droop control strategies, respectively [8–10]

  • This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of the inertia and droop control coefficients from a DFIG on dynamic frequency response

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Summary

Introduction

The ability of an electric power system to maintain its frequency at an acceptable level is crucial for power system reliability [1]. Many studies have been investigated temporary frequency support function strategies that release stored rotational kinetic energy produced by the rotating masses of a variable speed wind turbine generator to support dynamic frequency response [8–16]. These strategies add additional loops to the rotor side converter (RSC) controller of a DFIG based on the measured frequency: the rate of change of frequency (df/dt) loop and system frequency excursion, these strategies are named as inertia control and droop control strategies, respectively [8–10]. Simulations with various wind conditions and disturbances are performed by using different control coefficients based on an electromagnetic transient program (restructured version simulator)

Fundamental Features of Inertia and Droop Control Strategies from a DFIG
Inertia Control Strategy of a DFIG
Droop Control Strategy of a DFIG
Temporary Output Power Support Capability of a DFIG
Model System
Conventional Synchronous Generators
Effects of the Available Kinetic Energy and Control Strategies on Dynamic
Effects of the Inertia Control Strategy from a DFIG with the Wind Speeds of 8 and 10 m/s
Effects of the Droop Control Strategy from a DFIG with the Wind
Effects of the Disturbances and Control Strategies on Dynamic Frequency Response
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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