Abstract
BackgroundWe conducted a scoping review to define the extent and type of quantitative health status research conducted from 1993 to 2014 with people who have experienced detention or incarceration in correctional facilities in Canada.MethodsWe searched 15 databases, reviewed reference lists and relevant websites, and consulted with key stakeholders to identify eligible studies. We reviewed records for eligibility and extracted relevant data from eligible articles.ResultsWe identified 194 studies that were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were conducted with males and with persons in federal facilities, and focused on mental health, substance use, and social determinant of health outcomes.ConclusionsHealth status data are limited for several outcomes, such as chronic disease, injury and sexual and reproductive health, and for persons in provincial facilities and post-release. Efforts should be made to improve data collection and knowledge dissemination, so that relevant data can be used more effectively to improve health and health care in this population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1758-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
We conducted a scoping review to define the extent and type of quantitative health status research conducted from 1993 to 2014 with people who have experienced detention or incarceration in correctional facilities in Canada
International data suggest that people who experience detention or incarceration have poor health compared with the general population, as indicated by data on the prevalence of mental illness, infectious diseases, chronic diseases, and mortality [8]
This review found that most research on health status conducted from 1993 to 2014 has focused on persons in federal facilities
Summary
We conducted a scoping review to define the extent and type of quantitative health status research conducted from 1993 to 2014 with people who have experienced detention or incarceration in correctional facilities in Canada. Detention and incarceration may serve as a unique opportunity to provide health care, to initiate programs to improve health, and to link persons with appropriate services on release. Such interventions could improve the health of people who experience detention and incarceration, and decrease health care costs [9], improve health in the general population [9,10,11,12,13,14], improve public safety [9], and decrease re-incarceration [9,15,16]. Decisions regarding priorities for research, programs and policies should be informed by Canadian data on the burden of disease and interventions in this population [17]
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