Research on the distribution and content of water ice in lunar pole regions using Clementine UVVIS data

Abstract

Interest in the Moon started to increase at the beginning of the 21st century, and hence- forth, more and more attention has been paid to the content and distribution of water ice in the lunar polar regions. The existence of water or ice in the regolith can apparently change its dielectric features. Therefore, in this article, the Dobson model is adopted and improved according to the Moon's envi- ronmental features, to construct the relationship between the volumetric water ice content and the di- electric constant. Thereafter, a lunar regolith dielectric distribution map is generated based on the im- proved Dobson model and the Clementine UVVIS data. The map indicates that the imaginary part of the dielectric constants in the lunar mare is much higher than that in the highlands. However, the maximum dielectric constants occur at the north- and south-pole regions, whose values are apparently bigger than those in the middle and low latitudes. Then, an abnormal map of the dielectric constant is gained if the threshold is put as 0.053 7, which is the highest value in the middle and low latitudes. The statistical results indicate that the number of abnormal pixels is 110 596, and the average is about 0.057 9. Assuming that the mean dielectric constant in the lunar mare is the normal dielectric constant at the south and north poles and e1=11.58+i0.057 9 is the abnormal one, the volumetric water ice con- tent can be evaluated using the advanced Dobson model. The results show that the average volumetric water ice content is about 1.64%, and the total area is about 25 294 km 2 , where 10 956 km 2 belongs to