Abstract
LEACH routing protocol equalizes the energy consumption of the network by randomly selecting cluster head nodes in a loop, which will lead to the defect of unstable network operation. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of data transmission in the routing protocol and increase the network life cycle. However, there is also a problem that cluster heads count with a wide range and the cluster head forwarding data consumed greatly power in the LEACH, which remains to be solved. In this paper, we put forward an approach to optimize the routing protocol. Firstly, the optimal number of cluster head is calculated according to the overall energy consumption per round to reduce the probability of excessive cluster head distribution. Then, the cluster head is used as the core to construct the Voronoi Diagram. The nodes in the same Voronoi diagram become a cluster, that the energy consumption communication in intra-cluster would be less. Finally, in order to optimize the multi-hop routing protocol, an ant colony algorithm is added using a cluster head near the BS to receive and forward it from a remote cluster head. According to the MATLAB simulation data, the protocol can significantly prolong the lifetime of WSNs compared with the LEACH protocol and increase the energy efficiency per unit node in per round. Energy consumption of the proposed approach is only. The approach improved the First Node Death (FND) time by 127%, 22.2%, and 14.5% over LEACH, LEACH-C, and SEP, respectively.
Highlights
With the advancement of technology, WSNs are widely applicate in society and playing a vital role such as environment monitoring [1], weather forecasting [2], precision agriculture [3], petroleum drilling [4], natural disaster prevention [5], urban transportation [6], diagnose wall collapse [7], and indoor positioning [8]
In order to reduce the extra loss of energy and more energy is used for data transmission, resulting in a routing protocol [11]
The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol distributes all energy loads of the WSNs balancing into each node, and this can effectively reduce energy consumption compared to the flat routing protocol
Summary
With the advancement of technology, WSNs are widely applicate in society and playing a vital role such as environment monitoring [1], weather forecasting [2], precision agriculture [3], petroleum drilling [4], natural disaster prevention [5], urban transportation [6], diagnose wall collapse [7], and indoor positioning [8]. Fewer cluster heads make that the coverage area of one cluster will be too wide to increase the energy consumption of data transmission In this algorithm, all nodes use the single-hop transmission protocol. In order to ensure the stability of CH quantity and higher energy utilization of the whole network, an improved algorithm based on the LEACH protocol is proposed in this paper. We are committed to stabilizing the number of CHs and reducing the extra load on the network caused by too more or too fewer CHs. We use the Voronoi diagram to reduce the data transmission consumption of negotiated communication with the cluster, and optimize the multi-hop transmission routing protocol by the ant colony algorithm to reduce the energy consumption of long-distance data transmission.
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