Abstract
This paper first analyzes the climate characteristics of five typical cities in China, including Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Kunming. Then, based on Grasshopper, Ladybug and Honeybee analysis software, according to the indoor layout of typical residential buildings, this research extracts design parameters such as the depth and width of different rooms and their window-to-wall ratios etc., to establish a climate responsive optimization design process with indoor lighting environment comfort, with heating and cooling demand as the objective functions. Meanwhile, based on Monte Carlo simulation data, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is used to establish a prediction model to analyze the sensitivity of interior design parameters under different typical cities’ climatic conditions. The study results show that the recommended values for the total width and total depth of indoor units under the climatic conditions of each city are both approximately 14.97 m and 7.88 m. Among them, under the climatic conditions of Harbin and Shenzhen, the design parameters of residential interiors can take the recommended value of UDI optimal or nZEB optimal. While the recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the north bedroom, master bedroom and living room in Shanghai residential interiors are 0.26, 0.32 and 0.33, respectively. The recommended value of the window-to-wall ratio of the master bedroom in Kunming residences is 0.36, and that of the remaining rooms is between 0.15 and 0.18. The recommended values of window-to-wall ratios for the master bedroom and living room in Beijing residences are 0.41 and 0.59, respectively, and that for the remaining rooms are 0.15. The multi-objective optimization process based on parametric performance simulation used in the study can effectively assist architects in making energy-saving design decisions in the preliminary stage, allowing architects to have a case to follow in the actual design operation process.
Highlights
Energy consumption of the construction industry accounts for 40% of the total energy consumption of most countries, and the related emissions account for 40% of the total greenhouse gas emissions [1]
The research obtained the best solution through parametric performance simulation and NSGA-II algorithm to optimize all design parameters, as shown in Figure 29, where the darkest part in red is the Pareto front
The optimal indoor space design parameters are explored from the perspective of lowest building energy demand and highest annual percentage of Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) 100–2000 lx
Summary
Energy consumption of the construction industry accounts for 40% of the total energy consumption of most countries, and the related emissions account for 40% of the total greenhouse gas emissions [1] This energy use will potentially grow by more than 50% by 2050 without energy-efficiency improvements in the building sector [2]. In the past two decades (1984–2004), major energy consumption has increased by 49%, carbon dioxide emissions have increased by 43%, and the average annual growth rate is 2% and 1.8% [3] This speed of resource and energy consumption will affect every aspect of people’s daily lives around the world. The building provides a comfortable indoor environment for human daily activities by adjusting the microclimate of the natural environment In this method, the selection of Buildings 2022, 12, 59 technology is based on the relationship between external climate conditions and human needs. In the building climate responsive design, architects need to make full use of the potential of natural climate while adapting to the natural environment, and actively and reasonably use various technical measures such as heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, shading and daylighting to adapt to the climate characteristics of the region
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