Abstract
Heavy metals are frequently present in industrial effluent, and their excess can be detrimental to human health. Therefore, industrial wastewater needs to be treated before it can be discharged. Key solutions for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater are analyzed and evaluated based on existing research, taking into account elements like removal effectiveness, cost, ease of recycling, and number of reuses. This paper introduces two conventional and three novel heavy metal removal technologies are presented. The fundamental ideas, ideal circumstances, benefits, and drawbacks of each technology are summarized, along with a prediction of future technical developments. Although nanosorbents and microbial fuel cells are very efficient, their expenses are expensive. Membrane technology has a wide range of potential applications and is a great choice for the removal of heavy metals when combined with other technologies. Future wastewater treatment for heavy metals has a bright future thanks to all of these technologies.
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