Research on interferometric photonic crystal fiber hydrophone

Abstract

ABSTRACT Current research on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for acoustic sensing was focused on the PCF’s pressure sensitivity enhancement. However, whether the enhancement of the PCF’s pressure sensitivity can be actually realized is still controversial. Practical hydrophone, utilizing PCFs, to manifest its superior sensitivity to normal single mode fibers (SMFs) for acoustic sensing, should be made. Account to this point of view, actual hydrophone was fabricated. Index guiding PCF was used, the fiber core is solid silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and the cladding is SiO 2 filled with lots of periodical transverse circular air hollows. The PCF, mounted on an ai r-backed mandrel for structural sensitivity enhancement, was used as a sensing arm of the fiber Michelson interferometer. The other arm, so called reference arm, was made of SMF. Faraday rotator mirrors (FRM) were spliced in the end of each interferometric arm account for polarization induced phase fading, which is a common scheme in fiber interferometric sensing systems. A similar hydrophone, with all the same structure except that the PCF was exchanged into SMF, was also fabrication to make the contrast. The narrow-linewidth and frequency-tunable optical fiber laser was used to achieve high accuracy optical interferometric measurement. Meanwhile, the phase generated carrier (PGC) modulation-demodulation scheme was adopted to interrogate the measurand signal. Experiment was done by using acoustic standing-wave test apparatus. Linearity characteristics of the two hydrophones were measured at frequency 100Hz, 500Hz, and 1000Hz, experimental results showed that the maximum error of the linearity was 10%, a little larger than the theoretical results. Pressure sensitivities of the PCF hydrophone and the SMF hydrophone were measured using a reference standard PZT hydrophone in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1600 Hz, the measurement data showed that the sensitivity of the PCF hydrophone was about -162.8 dB re. rad/ Pa, with a fluctuation ±1.3 dB over the whole measured frequency range, compared with the sensitivity of -163.6 dB re. rad/ Pa and a almost the same fluctuation of the SMF hydrophone. The contrast result shown that the sensitivity of the PCF hydrophone is only a little larger than that of the SMF hydrophone, the reason was that the structure sensitivity enhancement played a weightier role in pressure sensitivity. Keywords: Photonic crystal fiber, Fiber optic interferometer, Fiber optic hydrophone, Phase generated carrier