Research on Instance Segmentation Algorithm of Greenhouse Sweet Pepper Detection Based on Improved Mask RCNN

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The fruit quality and yield of sweet peppers can be effectively improved by accurately and efficiently controlling the growth conditions and taking timely corresponding measures to manage the planting process dynamically. The use of deep-learning-based image recognition technology to segment sweet pepper instances accurately is an important means of achieving the above goals. However, the accuracy of the existing instance segmentation algorithms is seriously affected by complex scenes such as changes in ambient light and shade, similarity between the pepper color and background, overlap, and leaf occlusion. Therefore, this paper proposes an instance segmentation algorithm that integrates the Swin Transformer attention mechanism into the backbone network of a Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask RCNN) to enhance the feature extraction ability of the algorithm. In addition, UNet3+ is used to improve the mask head and segmentation quality of the mask. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively segment different categories of sweet peppers under conditions of extreme light, sweet pepper overlap, and leaf occlusion. The detection AP, AR, segmentation AP, and F1 score were 98.1%, 99.4%, 94.8%, and 98.8%, respectively. The average FPS value was 5, which can be satisfied with the requirement of dynamic monitoring of the growth status of sweet peppers. These findings provide important theoretical support for the intelligent management of greenhouse crops.