Abstract
Abstract Due to the influence of crystal vibration, clock offset, and clock skew, time synchronization error will be caused. This study introduces several algorithms to reduce or eliminate the influence of time synchronization error on positioning results, including iterative time-of-arrival algorithm, linear position line algorithm, classical CHAN algorithm, quadratic programming algorithm, and an improved algorithm for quadratic programming problem using weighted least squares algorithm. They are applied to two-dimensional (2D) single target, 2D multi-target, three-dimensional, and various positioning scenarios considering the influence of clock skew and clock offset for the simulation test, which overcomes the defect that the previous algorithm simulation test has few application scenarios. The results show that the iterative time-of-arrival algorithm has smaller root mean square error, higher positioning accuracy, and stable positioning results, and the algorithm has universal applicability to each positioning scene with time synchronization error.
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