Abstract
Abstract An electrochemical determination of Pb2+ by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in various waters using a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene/Nafion mixture has been developed. A series of optimum conditions such as graphene concentration, modifying amount, Nafion concentration, scanning speed, pH, accumulation potential, and time were optimized. Under optimal experiments, some evaluation indexes were analyzed. Graphene/Nafion/GCE was successfully used in the detection and quantification of Pb2+ in various real water samples using three methods above. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry method that is adopted to study the linear range and the detection limit for Pb2+ proved to be more effective than the other two. The wider range is 0.02-24.15 μM, the lower detection limit is 5.1mM, and the recovery is 96.1-109.0%. This will provide a theoretical basis and the practical method for the analysis of heavy metal polltants in different kinds of water.
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