Abstract
Soil is the foundation of agricultural sustainable development. After nearly 40 years of rapid economic development and highly intensive agricultural production, our country’s farmland soil is facing severe soil heavy metal pollution. The situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in China is not optimistic and poses a threat to the safe production of agricultural products and food safety. Therefore, the treatment and restoration of soil heavy metal pollution has received extensive attention. According to the actual situation of soil pollution in our country, the prevention, control and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution has become a major national demand. This article discusses the current status of soil heavy metal pollution control in our country and the main remediation technologies. Aiming at the characteristics and shortcomings of various remediation technologies, it proposes the improvement and development direction of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology to provide reference for soil remediation technology research.
Highlights
Soil heavy metal pollution means that the content of heavy metals in the soil caused by industrial and agricultural production activities or human activities is higher than the background level, which leads to a potential decline in soil quality and affects the ecological environment [1]
Heavy metals cannot be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, so they will continue to accumulate in the soil, affecting the properties of the soil, and can even be converted into more toxic alkyl compounds
Bioremediation technology refers to the use of plants, animals and microorganisms to absorb, degrade and transform pollutants in the soil to reduce the concentration of pollutants to the national standard limit
Summary
Soil heavy metal pollution means that the content of heavy metals in the soil caused by industrial and agricultural production activities or human activities is higher than the background level, which leads to a potential decline in soil quality and affects the ecological environment [1]. With the continuous development of industry and agriculture in our country, the pollution of heavy metals in the soil has become increasingly serious. The heavy metals that cause soil environment pollution mainly include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), metalloid arsenic (As) and other elements with significant biological toxicity. They include zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and other common elements with some toxicity. The heavy metals in the soil have low mobility and strong stability, and the pollution effect of heavy metals is long-term and irreversible [3]. The remediation technologies for heavy metal pollution in the soil include physical remediation, chemical remediation, biological remediation, agricultural ecological remediation and joint remediation technologies [4]
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