Abstract
A heat source model is the key issue for laser welding simulation. The Gaussian heat source model is not suitable to match the actual laser weld profile accurately. Furthermore, fiber lasers are widely recognized to result in good-quality laser beam output, a narrower weld zone, less distortion, and high process efficiency, compared with other types of lasers (such as CO2, Nd : YAG, and diode lasers). At present, there are few heat source models for fiber laser welding. Most of researchers evaluate the weld profile only by the bead width and depth of penetration, which is not suitable for the laser keyhole welding nail-like profile. This paper reports an experimental study and FEA simulation of fiber laser butt welding on 1 mm thick A304 stainless steel. A new heat source model (cylindrical and cylindrical) is established to match the actual weld profile using Marc and Fortran software. Four bead geometry parameters (penetration depth, bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist) are used to compare between the experimental and simulation results. The results show that the heat source model of cylindrical and cylindrical can match the actual shape of the fiber laser welding feasibly. The error range of the penetration depth, bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist between experimental and simulation results is about 4.1 ± 1.6%, 2.9 ± 2.0%, 13.6 ± 7.4/%, and 18.3 ± 8.0%, respectively. In addition, it is found that the depth of penetration is more sensitive to laser power rather than bead width, waist width, and depth of the waist. Welding speed has a similar influence on the depth of penetration, weld width, waist width, and depth of the waist.
Highlights
Stainless steel sheet is widely used in the welded structure of biopharmaceutical, medical device, aerospace, and precision instrument manufacturing industry because of its characteristic of smooth surface, nonmagnetic performance, and corrosion resistance [1]
Since the weld profile is an important criterion to evaluate the quality of laser welding and the results of numerical simulation, the weld profile of laser welding is studied by many scholars [5,6,7,8]
Liao and Yu [10] investigate that effect of the pulsed Nd : YAG laser welding incident angle on the depth of penetration, bead width, and bead length, and the results show that the bead width and depth of penetration decrease with the increase in incident angle
Summary
Stainless steel sheet is widely used in the welded structure of biopharmaceutical, medical device, aerospace, and precision instrument manufacturing industry because of its characteristic of smooth surface, nonmagnetic performance, and corrosion resistance [1]. Many researchers sum up many combination heat source models for numerical simulation of the temperature field of laser welding of stainless steel. Kim et al [14] design the combination heat source model of conical and inverted conical to simulate the temperature field of pulsed Nd : YAG laser welding of A304 stainless steel in different conditions. Chukkan et al [15] simulate the pulsed Nd : YAG laser beam welding profile, temperature field, and welding stress using three combination heat source models (conical, double ellipsoid, and conical, conical, and cylindrical). In this paper, fiber laser butt welding of A304 stainless steel of thickness 1 mm is carried out to study the change of weld profile in different conditions, and a new heat source model is established to match. The actual weld profile using Marc and Fortran software. e combination heat source mode of cylindrical and cylindrical is employed for performing a nonlinear transient thermal analysis. e weld pool shapes are evaluated by the weld width, depth of penetration, waist width, and depth of the waist. e correct heat source model is a solid foundation to analyze temperature field, welding stress, and deformation
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