Abstract
Mounted locations and the ground plane structure have remarkable influences on the performance of roof-mounted automotive antennas. To distinguish this influence in radiation, figure of merits (FoMs), including total radiated power (TRP), near-horizontal part radiated power (NHPRP), and cumulative distribution function (CDF), are studied in this paper. It is proved that TRPs are almost the same with different mounting configurations. Because the radiation toward the horizon is a critical performance metric for automotive antennas, NHPRP is analyzed within certain degrees near the horizon. Even though a bigger deviation has been observed in NHPRP, the discrimination between different mounted scenarios is still not enough. Different from TPR and NHPRP, which are efficiency-based FoMs, CDF combines the gain values and the pattern shape together, achieving a comprehensive and intuitive insight into the antenna performance. It is more predictive and distinguishable in terms of the radiation pattern than NHPRP and TRP. Therefore, CDF can be utilized as a good supplement to existing metrics and can better distinguish the radiation performance of different antenna mounting configurations.
Highlights
The fifth-generation (5G) network has become a key driving force for the development of the internet of vehicles (IOV) because of its high speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency characteristics [1,2,3,4,5]
This paper analyzes the impact of mounted locations and ground sizes on the radiation performance of automotive antennas
Because the total radiated power (TRP) is the figure of merits (FoMs) directly determined by efficiency, it is insensitive to the mounted locations and ground sizes of the automotive antenna
Summary
The fifth-generation (5G) network has become a key driving force for the development of the internet of vehicles (IOV) because of its high speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency characteristics [1,2,3,4,5]. For many current vehicles (especially cars with model years 2005–2019), the main antenna configuration (GPS, FM, cellular, etc.) is generally centered on the back/center of the hood If this becomes the default position for cellular antennas going forward, an off-centered mounting configuration on a round ground plane may provide a good compromise between accuracy and simplicity. Some organizations prefer to focus on evaluating the 3D Over-the-Air (OTA) quantities instead of trying to accurately assess the automotive antenna pattern or horizon quantities in real applications These tests need a wireless radio module for automobiles and are models-dependent. The gain and half-power beamwidth have been used as the primary metrics for evaluating the radiation performance of the traditional antenna They are less useful in evaluating the impact of mounting configuration on the performance of automotive antenna because of their inherent weakness, i.e., pattern shape is largely missing from these metrics. It is found that CDF is an appropriate figure of merit (FoM) for operators and certification organizations when evaluating vehicle-mounted antennas for cellular communications
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