Abstract
Europe is one of the important regions with the global container shipping business. Studying competition among port container business helps to improve the overall containerized transportation efficiency in Europe and assist liners to make correct decisions under the new global shipping pattern. Therefore, this paper uses non-autonomous Lotka-Volterra model to quantitatively study the type and degree of competition among major European container ports. The result shows that the ports in the Mediterranean region tend to be predatory and competitive. Besides, this paper also predicts the future trend of competition and cooperation of European container ports under the scenarios of “Sulphur Restriction Order” by modifying the utility function.
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