Abstract
A medical device will emit electromagnetic radiation to its surrounding environment either actively or passively. However, clinicians are unaware as to whether the ambient electromagnetic radiation will exceed the human body’s endurance capacity. In this paper, the mathematical model of electromagnetic parameters devoted to Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing of medical devices was established using a Debye Model. Body liquids featuring dielectric properties including the conductivity and permittivity of tissues at various body parts were simulated on the basis of results derived from the model. A simplified anthropomorphic phantom for the SAR test was founded on the basis of geometric parameters by following the principles of resemblance and consistent conductivity. A full-band electromagnetic mathematical model of brain, muscle, heart, lungs, stomach, and kidneys was set up. Electromagnetic radiation levels of a wearable Electrocardiograph monitoring device were measured and found that the maximum electric field intensity was up to 30 V/m, and the electromagnetic radiation SAR value was 0.96 W/kg, which were equivalent to the electromagnetic radiation exposure of the occupational group. The results established that electromagnetic radiation of certain medical devices exceeded the allowed values specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, further studies within the field of medicine are required to decide whether additional evaluation measures should be required.
Highlights
Electromagnetic exposure brings about extensive effects and hazards to human health, which are mainly in the form of damages and carcinogenic effects to the central nervous system, immunological function, cardiovascular system, reproductive and genetic systems, visual system, etc. [1]
Due to fact that electromagnetic radiation is purposely used in medical devices for treatment with target users’ who are more susceptible to radiation, electromagnetic radiation hazards related to medical devices deserve more attention than those in the telecommunication sector
Computational modeling of electromagnetic radiation is the basis for the study on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) using computer simulation, but its results are limited to the correctness of the theoretical model and boundary conditions; the electromagnetic experiment with an anthropomorphic phantom is an essential instrument for the experimental evaluation of SAR, but the electromagnetic experiment phantoms currently in use do not concern specific tissue and the spatial distribution of radiation with results merely reflecting the average electromagnetic exposure level of the human body
Summary
Electromagnetic exposure brings about extensive effects and hazards to human health, which are mainly in the form of damages and carcinogenic effects to the central nervous system, immunological function, cardiovascular system, reproductive and genetic systems, visual system, etc. [1]. Electromagnetic energy carried by an electromagnetic wave is absorbed by an organism to cause systematic or local body temperature increases, subsequently leading to physiological and behavioral changes. Exposure to high-intensity electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies results in varied impacts on the human body ranging from slight neuropathic pain to excitation of tissue and fever of the skin, which results in a thermal effect and triggers an internal thermoregulatory reaction, increasing body temperature to the extent of endangering human health. The consequence of this can be fatal in some cases. Given that a wide range of factors such as wave (including frequency and polarization), body
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