Research on Air Conditioning Energy Consumption of Elementary and Junior High School Buildings in High-altitude Areas of Taiwan

Abstract

<p>台灣高山地區的中小學在冬季經常需要開暖氣以維持室內舒適溫度，但礙於教育部尚未統一暖氣使用規章，地方政府公告的暖氣使用標準也未必能滿足師生的生理需求，進而影響到學生的學習成效。根據本研究調查，全國近一半的高山中小學校舍的保暖效果不佳，學習環境嚴苛，本研究透過高山地區中小學校舍的空調耗能模擬，比較不同海拔高度、不同外牆與玻璃熱傳透率對教室冷暖房空調耗能影響，模擬結果照明EUI為7.93 [kWh/(m2.yr)，電器設備EUI為2.44 [kWh/(m2.yr)，在暖房需求較高的2200公尺校舍，提升暖房溫度1度，增加空調EUI 0.55 [kWh/(m2.yr)]；在外牆熱傳透率3.5 [W/(m2.K)]的情況下，外窗平均熱傳透率每降低0.5 [W/(m2.K)]，每年約能減少暖房空調EUI 1.16 [kWh/(m2.yr)]；在外牆熱傳透率3.5 [W/(m2.K)]的情況下提升能源效率CSPF 1級，暖房空調平均減少EUI 0.67 [kWh/(m2.yr)]。根據海拔2200公尺校舍不同樓層冷暖房空調負荷模擬，三樓教室充分接收陽光照射，暖房負荷量最低，二樓的教室則因受到最少的熱輻射，暖房負荷量最高，對於暖房空調產生較高的需求。</p> <p> </p><p>In Taiwan’s high mountain regions, winter heating is often necessary in primary and secondary schools to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. However, the absence of standardized heating regulations from the Ministry of Education and the potential mismatch with local government standards can impact students’ learning outcomes. This research survey found that nearly half of the schools in these areas lack adequate insulation, creating challenging learning environments. This study simulated air conditioning energy use in high mountain schools to assess the impact of altitude, wall properties, and glass heat transfer rates on heating and cooling energy consumption. Results showed that at 2200 meters altitude, raising the heating temperature by 1 degree Celsius increased Energy Use Intensity (EUI) by 0.55 kWh/(m2.yr). Reducing window heat transfer by 0.5 W/(m2.K) annually, with a 3.5 W/(m2.K) wall heat transfer rate, decreased EUI by about 1.16 kWh/(m2.yr). Improving energy efficiency (CSPF) by one level with the same wall heat transfer rate reduced EUI by 0.67 kWh/(m2.yr).Simulation of heating and cooling loads across different floors at 2200 meters altitude revealed that third-floor classrooms had the lowest heating load due to sunlight, while second-floor classrooms with minimal radiant heat had the highest heating demand.</p> <p> </p>