Abstract
The design of tunnels requires a proper of surface settlements and lining forces. In engineering practice, different design methods tend to be used, varying from simple empirical and analytical formulations to advanced finite element analyses. This paper begins with a review of empirical and analyses for settlements and lining forces. Then, 3D Numerical model of continuous soil-shell-spring is presented so as to analyze the 3D member forces of the segmental linings of shield tunnel. With the application of finite element method (FEM), the model employs several types of elements, such as thick shell, GOODMAN, contact and solid elements, and concerns the extrusion between segments in the joints, the stiffness contribution of the joints, the interaction between segments and surrounding soil. Finally, based on 3D numerical model of continuous soil-shell-spring, the member forces and displacements of stagger-jointed segmental lining are computed separately for Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel. The result of this dissertation will be provided to the staking company for working reference.
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