Abstract
Vaginal microbiome may have a role in HPV infection and cervical neoplasm. To explore potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and to find the best scheme to facilitate the current cervical cancer screening strategy. This study enrolled 272 women, including 83 confirmed with HSIL, 86 with HPV infection but without cervical neoplasm, and 103 without HPV infection as controls. Vaginal microbiome composition was determined by sequencing of barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500. The relative increasing abundance of Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas, and a concomitant paucity of Dialister, unidentified Prevotellaceae, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, were related with HSIL, which can be used to predict the development of HISL in high-risk HPV infected patients. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas being over 0.0090387%, or Faecalibacterium being under 0.01420015%, or Bifidobacterium being under 0.0116183% maybe a good predictor for HSIL for those infected with HPV 16 and/or 18. The relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas being over 0.01549105%, or Streptococcus being over 0.48409585%, or Bacteroides being under 0.0296912% maybe a good predictor for HSIL for those infected with the 12 other high-risk types of HPV with concurrent abnormal TCT results. This study revealed that potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers may relate to HSIL, and can facilitate the cervical cancer screening.
Highlights
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women around the world [1]
Cervicovaginal dysbiosis states reduce cervicovaginal barrier function [9] and alter metabolic profiles [10], and these may, in turn, facilitate HPV acquisition and cervical intraepithelial neoplasm/cancer development, respectively
Among the 169 cases confirmed with HPV infection, there is a total of 63 cases infected
Summary
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women around the world [1]. Vaginal Microbiome Biomarkers for HSIL infection does not always result in cervical intraepithelial neoplasm/cancer, and other exposures are thought to play important roles, such as vaginal microbiota (VMB) dysbiosis. There is emerging evidence that VMB may play a crucial role in HPV induced cervical lesions [4,5,6] and is related to protection against dysbiosis and HPV infection [7, 8]. It provides the evidence that sexually active women with vaginal dysbiosis are at increased risk of developing associated premalignant and malignant cervical disease [6]. Cervicovaginal dysbiosis states (which could be caused by multiple factors in addition to HPV infection or neoplastic cells) reduce cervicovaginal barrier function [9] and alter metabolic profiles [10], and these may, in turn, facilitate HPV acquisition and cervical intraepithelial neoplasm/cancer development, respectively
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