Research of the New Biomarkers of Mammary Gland Tumors in Domestic Cats

Abstract

This article presents the results of the clinical significance study of changes in the activity of adenosine deaminase and the content of polyamines in the blood plasma of cats with mammary gland tumors. In our work, we investigated the activity of the adenosine deaminase gene in the tissues of mammary gland tumors in cats and compared the activity of this gene with normal mammary gland tissue. In the course of this work, we also found out the frequency of occurrence of mammary gland tumors in the population of domestic cats in the Rostov region and evaluated the prognosis of survival after surgical treatment of breast cancer. The incidence of mammary gland tumors was detected, which amounted to 0.4% of the domestic cats who have applied to veterinary clinics in Rostov region, where the cats with mammary gland neoplasms amounted to approximately 400 individuals for every 100,000 animals. These data reflect the importance of the problem of mammary gland tumors and emphasize the need to study the pathophysiological foundations of carcinogenesis in order to create molecular genetic approaches for early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors. The results of the studies showed that the level of expression of the adenosine deaminase gene in the tissues of invasive nonspecific carcinoma and in the tissues of fibroepithelial hyperplasia sharply increases compared to the tissue of a healthy mammary gland, 36 times in the tissues of invasive carcinomas and 131 times in the tissues of fibroepithelial hyperplasia. At the same time, there were no significant differences between the activity of adenosine deaminase in the blood plasma of healthy animals and in the blood plasma of animals with malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland. Measurement of the level of polyamines in the blood of animals showed that the content of putrescine in the erythrocytes of the blood of cats with benign and tumor-like neoplasms of the mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia significantly increased by 5 times compared with the indicators of the control group. In malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland invasive nonspecific carcinoma, the content of putrescine and spermin in the blood significantly exceeded the control values by 6 and 10 times, respectively.