Abstract
The article’s applications are very important, as it is only a dozen or so years since the current issues of protection of the atmosphere against emissions of toxic compounds from ships. The issue was discussed against the background of binding legal norms, including rules introduced by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) in the context of the MARPOL Convention (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships), Annex VI, with the main goal to significantly strengthen the emission limits in light of technological improvements. Taking these standards into account, effective methods should be implemented to reduce toxic compounds’ emissions to the atmosphere, including nitrogen oxides NOx and carbon dioxide CO2. The purpose of the article was, based on the results of our own research, to indicate the impact of the effectiveness of selected methods on reducing the level of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emitted by the marine engine. The laboratory tests were carried out with the use of the one-cylinder two stroke, crosshead supercharged diesel engine. Methods of reducing their emissions in the study were adopted, including supplying the engine with fuel mixtures of marine diesel oil (MDO) and rapeseed oil ester (RME)-(MDO/RME mixtures) and changing the fuel injection parameters and the advance angles of fuel injection. The supply of the engine during the tests and the mixtures of marine diesel oil (MDO) and rape oil esters (RMEs) caused a clear drop in emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, particularly for a higher engine load, as has been shown. The decrease of the injection advance angle unambiguously makes the NOx content in exhaust gas lower.
Highlights
Global warming, i.e., in the last approximately 50 years, the observed gradual increase in the average temperature at the Earth’s surface, is a phenomenon caused by the influence of humans on the intensification of the greenhouse effect.It is estimated that over the last century, the average temperature at the Earth’s surface has increased by around 0.74 ◦ C (±0.18) [1], but 2018 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) data indicate a 1.5 degree increase in this temperature [2].The industrial revolution is most often associated with global warming
Exhaust emitted by marine diesel engines contains a number of combustion products that are noxious to the environment
Exhaust gases emitted from marine diesel engines comprise nitrogen (N2 ), oxygen (O2 ), carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water vapor (H2 O), and pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx ), sulphur oxides (SOx ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM)
Summary
I.e., in the last approximately 50 years, the observed gradual increase in the average temperature at the Earth’s surface, is a phenomenon caused by the influence of humans on the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Marine engine exhaust gas includes more than 5% water vapor and approximately 5% carbon dioxide, which is an integral product of the combustion of fossil fuels. 5% water vapor and approximately 5% carbon dioxide, which is an integral product of the combustion quantities of unburnt fuel, it can be concluded that the piston engine commonly used as a source of of fossil fuels. Since the amount of carbon dioxide emitted is proportional to the quantities of unburnt ship propulsion is the friendliest for the atmosphere from the known conventional solutions This is fuel, it can be concluded that the piston engine commonly used as a source of ship propulsion is influenced by the efficiency of the reciprocating engines, which is the highest among all heat engines the friendliest for the atmosphere from the known conventional solutions.
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