Research of protocols and technologies data transmissions in IoT networks

Abstract

Important functions of the concept of the Internet of Things are the facilitation of everyday life, improvement of efficiency and quality of work, energy saving, etc. More and more often, data from "things" are transferred to the public communication network and cloud services. Any objects in the physical world that can be assigned IP addresses and are capable of transmitting data can act as "things" in such a network. Various technologies and protocols are used for data transmission, of which there are currently more than twenty. In the near future, a large number of devices will be connected to the Internet of Things. Most of these devices will run on batteries. At the same time, one of the main characteristics is the duration of equipment operation without human intervention. In order to solve this problem, new networks were created specifically for the Internet of Things. These networks are called LPWANs. At the same time, one of the key issues is the optimal selection of the method of information transfer between nodes in the Internet of Things concept. After conducting an analysis of open sources, it is possible to conclude about the prospects of using the following technologies for these purposes: NB-IoT, Weightless, LoRa, SigFox. The subject of research in the article is long-distance data transmission technologies and protocols used to send information from a sensor to a cloud service in the context of the Internet of Things. The purpose of the study is to review and compare the main technologies and protocols for long-distance data transmission in Internet of Things networks. A comparative analysis of the main characteristics of long-distance data transmission protocols and technologies of the LPWAN network was carried out: NB-IoT, Weightless, LoRa, SigFox. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of a table. Experimental results have shown that the effectiveness of the considered protocols and technologies depends on various conditions of the communication network. In this regard, currently the choice of protocols for devices depending on operating conditions helps to solve the problem of saving resources, both energy consumption and guaranteed delivery. This is especially relevant in connection with the spread of the Internet of Things technology and the increase in the total number of "things".