Abstract
The present study is aimed at studying the energy and environmental performance at various engine loads (BMEP) with identical start of injection (SOI) for all fuel types. The combustion parameters for the fuel mixtures were analyzed using the AVL BOOST software (BURN subroutine). Five different blends were tested, consisting completely of renewable raw materials based on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and fatty acid methyl ester (FE100), and the properties of diesel fuel (D) were compared with respect to these blends. The mixtures were mixed in the following proportions: FE25 (FE25HVO75), FE50 (FE50HVO50), FE75 (FE75HVO25). In this study, diesel exhaust was found to produce higher NOx values compared to FE blends, with HVO being the lowest. Hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were also significantly lower for blends than for diesel. Possible explanations are the physical properties and fatty acid composition of fuel mixtures, affecting injection and further combustion. The results showed that blends containing more unsaturated fatty acids release more nitrogen oxides, thus having a lower thermal efficiency compared to HVO. No essential differences in CO emissions between D and HVO were observed. An increase in this indicator was observed at low loads for mixtures with ester. CO2 was reduced in emissions for HVO compared to the aforementioned blends and diesel. The results of the combustion analysis show that with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, mixtures have a longer combustion time than diesel fuel.
Highlights
As a result of active industrialization, there has been a huge increase in the consumption of fossil fuels and, as a result, it threatens the ecological balance of the Earth [1,2].The transport sector is the main source of more than one third of all environmental pollution [3,4]
Considering hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) contains of paraffinic hydrocarbons, it cannot match the requirements of EN 14214 which was created and reasonable only for fatty acid methyl esters—Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)
Comparing the mixtures with each other, it can be noted that the start of combustion for HVO was earlier than the others, given the same moment of the beginning of the fuel supply process, and this, in turn, indicates the shortest ignition delay period for this fuel
Summary
The transport sector is the main source of more than one third of all environmental pollution [3,4]. In this regard, the European Environment Agency in its report “SOER-2020” [5]. Road transport has taken an important place in human life, which has increased the dependence of humankind on energy [6,7]. Such a large number of diesel vehicles carry a heavy load on the environment [8]. The constantly growing global energy consumption and global climate change in consequence of greenhouse gases have led to the need to look to find solutions for renewable energy sources [9,10,11,12]
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