Abstract
The last decade has seen an increase in the number of Internet-enabled devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more common in everyday life, bringing together more and more diverse physical objects. The key vision of IoT is to enable the interaction of a huge number of smart devices, together, in an integrated and interconnected heterogeneous network. The framework of the IoT is based on several enabling technologies including WSNs, cloud computing, machine learning, and peer-topeer systems. WSN is the most crucial part of the communication process of the IoT networks. In WSNs, sensor nodes capable of detecting the required information, performing some processing and communicating with other connected nodes are the main component of these networks. However, the life of these nodes is often restricted by being powered by a battery with a limited life, constraining processing ability, memory, and radio communications. Energy efficiency is one of the most crucial issues for WSNs. Most of the energy is consumed in data processing and transmissions. Therefore, in the article, the author makes a brief digression on the history and evolution of the Internet. Next, the article highlights the technologies on which IoT is based and establishes the fact that wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the important elements of IoT, describes the relationship between WSN and the Internet of Things. In general, the article is devoted to the study of the development of energy efficiency methods for WSN. After identifying the sources of energy losses, this article discusses studies that test the most relevant methods of minimizing energy consumption IoT and WSN. The article also summarizes and recommends a wide range of energy efficient methods that will help in future research.
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