RESEARCH OF METHODS FOR WATER DISINFECTION

Abstract

Access to safe water remains a challenge in conflict-affected areas. Irregular water supply, which is becoming a common phenomenon, is caused by numerous factors, in particular: 1) wear and tear of water mains that need repair and were damaged as a result of hostilities; 2) reduction in the efficiency of important pumps due to power outages, shelling of power lines that supply energy to the pumps; 3) access problems due to the presence of armed groups, the presence of mines or unexploded shells, as well as the poor condition of roads, which prevent local residents from reaching wells or obtaining water delivered by tankers; 4) problems with access, due to which workers cannot perform repair work or obtain spare parts necessary for repairing water pipes; 5) normative legal acts that limit the freedom of movement and/or supply of goods or water across the contact line, affecting the supply of water from settlements controlled by Ukraine to settlements not controlled by Ukraine; as well as 6) frequent water supply interruptions, which contributed to the deterioration of the situation. In most cases, the use of a combined system can be optimal for high-quality water disinfection. Combined water disinfection is carried out by physical and chemical methods at the same time. Water pollution is determined by its bacteriological examination, which shows the total number of bacteria and the number of indicator bacteria of the coliform group (E. coli) in 1 milligram of water. The main type of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group is E.coli bacteria, which in practice are the easiest to determine and have a high level of resistance coefficient. Traditional methods of water disinfection, namely chlorination and ozonation, are harmful byproducts of disinfection. Ultraviolet radiation is a safe alternative, but quite energy-consuming. The paper analyzes existing methods of decontamination of drinking water, examines the state of the issue, and analyzes alternative methods of decontamination of drinking water.