Abstract
The MEMS vector hydrophone is a novel acoustic sensor with a “four-beam-cilia” structure. Based on the MEMS vector hydrophone with this structure, the paper studies the method of estimated direction of arrival (DOA). According to various research papers, many algorithms can be applied to vector hydrophones. The beam-forming approach and bar graph approach are described in detail. Laboratory tests by means of the a standing-wave tube are performed to validate the theoretical results. Both the theoretical analysis and the results of tests prove that the proposed MEMS vector hydrophone possesses the desired directional function.
Highlights
Vector hydrophones can obtain both the acoustic pressure and acoustic particle velocity simultaneously, and can gather more information about a point in the sound field than an ordinary acoustic pressure hydrophones
As early as in the 1940s, the United States developed a sound pressure gradient vector hydrophone, and in 1970s, the vector hydrophone was successfully applied in the DIFAR sonobuoy system
In the development of vector hydrophones, the United States and Russia have taken the lead in the World, and vector hydrophones with stable performance have gone into the engineering phase [5,6], but explorations in the field of vector hydrophone calibration have been carried out [7]
Summary
Vector hydrophones can obtain both the acoustic pressure and acoustic particle velocity simultaneously, and can gather more information about a point in the sound field than an ordinary acoustic pressure hydrophones. They have a unique advantage and wide applicability [1,2,3,4]. Because traditional hydrophones are piezoelectric ceramics, their structure and principle are relatively simple, so the United States and Russia typically use the resonant vector hydrophone based on the piezoelectric accelerometer. Compared with traditional piezoelectric hydrophones, the MEMS vector hydrophone has the characteristic of a being a single sensor with directional functions.
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