Abstract
Currently, there is growing interest among specialists in the use of non-invasive dose-free technologies for diagnosis and monitoring treatment of various diseases. Microwave radiometry enables non-invasive detection of thermal abnormalities in internal tissues of the human body. The current level of development of the method of microwave radiometry makes it possible to non-invasively detect malignant neoplasms at early stages according to characteristics of the person's own radiothermal fields. For a wider implementation of the method, it is necessary to overcome a series of scientific and technical barriers that impede its development. First of all, it is necessary to ensure miniaturization of the equipment used.An analytical review of the current state of development in the field of medical radiometers has been performed. Miniaturization of equipment is an important area for studies. It was shown that application of the proposed scheme for designing a null balance radiometer with a sliding scheme of reflection compensation with two matched RF loads will enable creation of a miniature highly stable radiometer. The measurement error of this device does not depend on the ambient temperature, intrinsic temperature of the device and impedance of the studied area of the body. The device calibration procedure was considered and noise signal calculations were performed. Results of experimental verification of correctness of choice of the way of designing the miniature radiometer circuit were presented. Introduction of thermal compensation has made it possible to reduce measurement error associated with the device heating to 0.2 °C when intrinsic temperature of the radiometer changed by 20 °C. It was shown that a radiometer operating in the frequency band 3.4–4.2 GHz can be used to detect various diseases and monitor internal temperature of tissues during treatment. With introduction of autonomous power supply and wireless communication with a smartphone, the miniature radiometer can be used as a wearable device to monitor temperature of internal tissues in everyday human life.
Highlights
There is a growing interest among specialists to the use of non-invasive no-dose methods for diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of various diseases
In particular, include the method of microwave radiometry (MWR) which makes it possible to measure tissue self-radiation in a microwave range and visualize temperature of Applied physics internal human tissues based on these data
When analyzing the radiometer circuit, it was assumed that voltage at the output of the synchronous detector is zero and the noise signal from the reference noise source is equal to the noise signal that comes from the biological object (BO)
Summary
Researcher Department of Antennas and Microwave Devices All-Russian Research Institute of Radio Engineering Bol'shaya Pochtovaya str., 22, Moscow, Russian Federation, 105082. PhD, Associate Professor Department of Radiolocation, Radio Navigation and On-Board Radio. Electronic Equipment Moscow Aviation Institute Volokolamskoe highway, 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, 125993
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