Abstract
.Snakebite primarily affects rural subsistent farming populations in underdeveloped and developing nations. The annual number of deaths (100,000) and physical disabilities (400,000) of snakebite victims is a societal tragedy that poses a significant added socioeconomic burden to the society. Antivenom therapy is the treatment of choice for snakebite but, as testified by the continuing high rates of mortality and morbidity, too many rural tropical snakebite victims fail to access effective treatment. Here, we advocate for more basic research to better understand the pathogenesis of systemic and local envenoming and describe how research outcomes can identify novel snakebite therapeutic strategies with the potential to be more accessible and affordable to victims than current treatment.
Highlights
Snakebite is a daily, domestic, occupational, and environmental hazard in the tropical countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.[1,2,3,4] Of the 1.8–2.7 million people bitten annually by snakes, approximately 81,000–138,000 victims die and about 400,000 survivors suffer from permanent physical disabilities.[5]
We showed that E. carinatus venom readily elicits intense and stable NETs at the injection site through a mechanism dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS)
We demonstrated that 1) E. carinatus venom SVMPs, in addition to destroying the ECM, degrade these receptors, resulting in the inhibition of the adhesion of inflammatory cells and inhibition of angiogenesis and wound-healing events, and 2) these venom-induced effects can be reversed by a lupeol-derivative treatment.[41]
Summary
Domestic, occupational, and environmental hazard in the tropical countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.[1,2,3,4] Of the 1.8–2.7 million people bitten annually by snakes, approximately 81,000–138,000 victims die and about 400,000 survivors suffer from permanent physical disabilities.[5]. Antivenom therapy is the treatment of choice for snakebite but, as testified by the continuing high rates of mortality and morbidity, too many rural tropical snakebite victims fail to access effective treatment.
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