Abstract
The aim of present research was to select the rational method of purification of highly concentrated wastewater of meat processing enterprises. For this purpose, the optimal parameters of flotation and reagent treatment were determined. The study was conducted with two types of wastewaters. The first was formed within a week during washing meat and the equipment. Another, more concentrated and highly alkaline, was formed once a week during washing meat-smoking facilities. Less polluted wastewater should be cleaned by flotation, followed by the reagent deposition. Flotation within 1.5...2 hours eliminates almost half of the chemical consumption of oxygen. By the reagent method, using hydrated calcium oxide, previously activated by ultrasound, and the coagulant sulfate FeSO 4 , we achieved a decrease in the CCO practically to standard indicators. For the purification of more concentrated wastewater with high alkalinity, only reagent treatment is required, because of very intense foaming and carrying out the liquid phase (50...70 %) during flotation. Calcium hydroxide, activated by acoustic oscillations of ultrasonic range, should be used as reagents and iron (II) sulfate should be used as a coagulant. Based on the performed studies, the technology of wastewater treatment at meat processing enterprises with incomplete production cycle was proposed. It covers the following main stages: wastewater neutralizing, preliminary rough treatment on the bulk filter, stage-by-stage reagent treatment, filtering, and decontamination.
Highlights
Literature review and problem statementEnvironmental protection is one of the priority tasks of today. The water medium ranks first by the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the environment
The indicated wastewaters cause an increase in the content of organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals compounds. These compounds degrade water quality and cause oxygen deficiency in water bodies. This has a negative impact on natural ecosystems, leading to their degradation or even destruction
The quality of wastewater deteriorates significantly in the absence of procedures of disposal waste of processing animal raw materials. These wastewaters contain large amount of organic substances, suspension, and pH index may vary within a wide range (4.5...12.5)
Summary
Environmental protection is one of the priority tasks of today. The water medium ranks first by the intensity of anthropogenic impact on the environment. It concerns enterprises that process agricultural raw materials, especially those of cattle-breeding These enterprises are characterized by high water consumption (they occupy one of the first places among other industries), and by significant dumping of used and contaminated wastewater into the environment: water, soil, and atmosphere. The quality of wastewater deteriorates significantly in the absence of procedures of disposal waste of processing animal raw materials (internal organs, blood, lymph, feathers, etc.) These wastewaters contain large amount of organic substances (amount of chemical consumption of oxygen varies within 1500...25000 mgО2/dm3), suspension ( fats), and pH index may vary within a wide range (4.5...12.5). The above determines the search of new ways of effective solution of the problem of treatment of highly concentrated wastewater
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