Research in Reproductive Biology and Contraceptive Technology: Present Status and Needs for the Future

Abstract

OCAs (oral contraceptive agents) and plastic IUDs are for more effective and better suited for use among poorly educated populations than traditional methods but they are subject to serious disadvantages. It is unlikely that an ideal birth control compound or device will be perfected so it is important to expand the base of fundamental knowledge to support continually improving contraceptive technology. At least $150-200 million per year is needed in funding. IUD and OCA use is briefly reviewed with an estimated 15-20 million women noted as users of OCAs. The risks associated with OCAs are stated and the recommendation for the low estrogen pill (.05 mg) stressed. Other hormonal contraceptives are mentioned: 1) a mini-pill 2) longacting injectable progestins 3) continous progestin therapy with implants 4) male chemosterilants 5) simple and reversible female sterilization 6) reversible male sterilization 7) moring-after pills 8) postcoital antizygote pill 9) leuteolytic compounds 10) prostaglandins and 11) releasing-factor inhibitors. Present funding is discussed. There is evidence of unsatisfied demand for support of existing research groups. Excluding pharmaceutical firms most current research activity is supported by government agencies and foundations for example the Ford Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. A product oriented program is discussed and suggested for further contraceptive development. The Contraceptive Development Program administered by NIH (National Institute of Health) Center for Population Research was mentioned with approval.