Abstract
Evidence is presented to show that adoption of modern wheat varieties in rainfed marginal environments of the developing world has lagged substantially compared to adoption in favoured well-watered areas. Possible reasons for this lag are discussed, and a simple congruency model is used to examine the case for shifting research resources from favoured to marginal environments, with particular reference to wheat breeding. Application of the model to resource allocation in wheat research at the international level and for India, a major wheat-producing country, suggests that the proportion of research resources invested in marginal environments has been adequate or even a bit high relative to the share of the value of wheat produced in these environments, taking into account both efficiency and equity criteria.
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