Abstract
The Kenics static mixer is one of the most widely studied static mixers, whose structure–function relationship has been studied by varying its aspect ratio and modifying the surface. However, the effect of the symmetric structure of the Kenics static mixer itself on twisting the fluid has been neglected. In order to study how the symmetrical structure of the Kenics static mixer impacts the fluid flow, we changed the center position of elements at twist angle 90° and introduced the eccentricity factor γ. We applied LHS-PLS to study this non-standard Kenics static mixer and obtained the statistical correlations of the aspect ratio, Reynolds number, and eccentricity factor on relative Nusselt number and relative friction factor. We analyzed the results by comparing the PLS model with the univariate analysis, and it was found that the underlying logic of the Kenics static mixer with an asymmetric structure became different. In addition, a non-standard Kenics static mixer with an asymmetric structure was investigated using vortex generation and dissipation through fluid flow simulation. The results demonstrated that the classical symmetric structure has a minor pressure drop, but the backward eccentric one has a higher thermal-hydraulic performance factor. It was found that the nature of the eccentric structure is that two elements with different aspect ratios are being combined at θ=90°, and this articulation leads to non-standard Kenics static mixers with different underlying logic, which finally result in the differences between the PLS model and the univariate analysis.
Highlights
Fluid mixing schemes can be divided into either “active”, where external forces drive fluid movement, like electric field perturbations [1,2] and mechanical agitation [3], or “passive”, where the contact area and contact time of the species samples are increased through specially designed inserts, like a static mixer [4] and modified wall [5,6]
Ae smsohdoewl.n in Figure 4, the pressure drop decreased by 0.5%, and the number of meshes increased by 111.4% as the size decreased from 0.08 mm to 0.05 mm
By analyzing the study cases in which PLS was applied, we suggest that the study subjects are all Kenics static mixers, the underlying logic of the fluid exerted by Kenics static mixers with extreme eccentricity factors and those with nearcentrosymmetric structures may have changed in the 20 samples after the introduction of eccentricity factors
Summary
Fluid mixing schemes can be divided into either “active”, where external forces drive fluid movement, like electric field perturbations [1,2] and mechanical agitation [3], or “passive”, where the contact area and contact time of the species samples are increased through specially designed inserts, like a static mixer [4] and modified wall [5,6]. A static mixer is an efficient mixing device that incorporates continuously repeating elements in the pipeline and influences the fluid flow during the process, intensifying the mass and heat transfer [7]. In recent years, it has been widely used in the processing of fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals [8,9,10]. The effectiveness of mixing and the resulting pressure drop depends on the specific geometric parameters of the Kenics static mixer, including the pitch, thickness, and twist angle for each mass transfer element [18,19,20]. Wmeetbrieclisetvreucthtuartethaeffeefcftesct thoefmthoids isfyicmatmioentrinictahlestarxuiactluflrueidisftlhoewfhuansdnaomt ebneetanl irnevaessotnigwathedy.KWeenibceslisetvaeticthmatixtheersefaffefcetct offltuhiids msyimxinmgestroicwalelslt.ructure is the fundamental reason why Kenics static mixers affect fluid mInixoinrgdesro twoesltludy the symmetrical structure of the Kenics static mixer itself from theIvnieowrdpeorintot sotfuidtsyitnhfleuseynmcemoentritchael flsturuidctfluorewo, fwteheinKtreondicuscsetdattihcemeicxceernittrsiecliftyfrofamctothreγ, viwewhipcohincht oanf igtessintfhleuecnecneteornptohseitfilounidoffloewle,mweenitnstraotdautcwedistthaenegclcee9n0tr◦i.ciTtyhifsacptaopr eγr,swethhicehat chtraanngsefserthsteucdeinetsearsptohseitbioanckogfroeulenmdeanntsdacthaostewtihsteramngalle–h9y0d°.raTuhliisc ppaeprfeorrsmetanhceeatfatcratonrsfηeras staundieexsaamsitnhaetiboanckbgetrwouenend tahnedhcehaotsterathnesfremr aple–rhfyodrmraaunliccepaenrdfotrhmeapnrceessfuarcetodrrηopasoafndeifxfaemren- t insattriuocntubreetsw. eSetnatitshteichaleactortraenlastfieornps ebreftowrmeeanncthe eanredlatthiveepNreussuserlet dnruompboefrdainffdertehnetrsetlrauticv-e tufreicst.ioStnaftaiscttiocralwceorrereplraotpioonssedbewtwitheetnhetheeccreenlatrticvietyNfaucstsoerl,tansupemcbt reartaion,danthdeRreylantoivldesfrniuctmiobner fabcytour swinegreLpartionphosyepderwcuitbhethsaemecpcleinngtrwicittyh fPaacrtotira,lalsepaestctsqrautaiore, sanredgRreesysnioonld(sLnHuSm-PbLeSr)b. yTo usfuinrgthLerateilnuchiydpaeterctuhbeeefsfaemctpolfinecgcwenitrhicPitayrtoinalflleuaidst, wsqeusairmesulrteagnreeosusisolyn c(oLmHpSa-PreLdS)t.hTeorefsuurl-ts thoefrLeHluSc-idPaLtSe wthietheftfheectuonfievcacreiantericaintyaloynsisfluanidd, waneaslyimzeudltatwneoounsolny-sctoamndpardedKtehneicresssutlattsic ofmLixHeSrs-PwLiSthwthitehinthtreoudnuicvtiaorniaotef aannaelcycseinstarincdityafnaacltyozreudsitnwgoflnoownfi-setladndsiamrdulKateionnic.s static mixers with the introduction of an eccentricity factor using flow field simulation
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