Abstract
ron-rich, dense magmatic phases such as magnetite and sulfide liquids might be expected to undergo efficient gravitational settling in magma reservoirs in the crust, which sequesters the iron and volatiles in cumulates, impacting the redox state of the system and the availability of these elements for volcanic outgassing and formation of ore deposits. The locus of fractionation through settling has important implications: if sulfides are not sequestered by fractionation in the lower crust, sulfur- and metal-rich deposits such as Ni–Cu–PGE (platinum group element) ore bodies may be generated in the upper crust (Naldrett, 1999), in which sulfides and magnetite phases are arranged in concentrated layers by crystal settling, or disseminated through in-situ crystallization.
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