Abstract
Eutrophication is a long-standing ecological and environmental problem, and the severity of harmful algal blooms continues to increase, causing large economic losses globally. One of the most important hazards created by harmful algal blooms is the production of cyanotoxins. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and development trends of cyanotoxin research through bibliometric analysis. A total of 3265 publications from 1990 to 2020 on cyanotoxins were retrieved from the Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded database, Web of Science. Over the past 30 years, most research has been concentrated in China (21.4%) and the USA (21.3%). Throughout the study period, microcystin was the focus of the research, accounting for 86% of the total number of publications. A word frequency analysis revealed that as people became more aware of drinking water safety and the construction of large-scale water conservation facilities, “reservoirs” and “rivers” became hot words for researchers, while “lakes” have always been important research objects. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of studies from the five countries with the largest numbers of publications showed that Chinese researchers typically associate eutrophication with Microcystis, while research subjects in other countries are more extensive and balanced. The development of cyanotoxin research around the world is not even, and we need to push for more research on major lakes that are outside of North America, Europe and China.
Highlights
In recent decades, due to climate change and intensified human activities, inland water eutrophication has become increasingly severe, and the magnitude of harmful algae blooms (HABs) has increased [1,2]
HABs are prone to producing toxic secondary metabolites, i.e., cyanotoxins, which are usually released into environmental water bodies during the decay period of algae
Cyanotoxins are divided into four categories: (1) hepatotoxins, (2) neurotoxins with tumor-promoting effects, (3) dermatoxins and (4) cytotoxins with specific biological activities [4,5]
Summary
Due to climate change and intensified human activities, inland water eutrophication has become increasingly severe, and the magnitude of harmful algae blooms (HABs) has increased [1,2]. HABs have seriously impacted the ecological landscape of water bodies as well as the safety of drinking water for humans and animals [3]. HABs are prone to producing toxic secondary metabolites, i.e., cyanotoxins, which are usually released into environmental water bodies during the decay period of algae. Cyanotoxins are divided into four categories: (1) hepatotoxins, (2) neurotoxins with tumor-promoting effects, (3) dermatoxins and (4) cytotoxins with specific biological activities [4,5]. Hepatotoxins are further divided into microcystins (MCs), nodularins (NODs) and cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) [6]. MCs are currently the most widely studied cyanotoxin [7]
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