Abstract
During chronic infection, pathogen-specific CD8 T cells gradually lose effector functions and upregulate the expression of inhibitory surface receptors. But are “exhausted” T cells completely dysfunctional? A study shows that T cells transferred from mice chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus into mice acutely infected with the virus proliferate and control the infection but retain the exhausted phenotype acquired during chronic infection. Thus, T-cell exhaustion might be a stable stage of T-cell differentiation that limits viral replication during chronic infection without causing overwhelming immunopathology.
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