Abstract
Interest in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has risen dramatically on account of environmental and energy concerns. The biggest issues that must be addressed in order to popularize these advanced vehicles are related to the battery.We have been promoting vigorous R&D work on batteries for application to environmental vehicles since the beginning of the 1990s. Attention was focused on lithium-ion batteries early on as a fundamental solution to the critical issue mentioned above. The conclusion was reached that the development of those potentialities to their fullest extent would create completely new forms of value unobtainable with conventional batteries. As a result of extensive theoretical studies and many experimental demonstrations, we successfully showed ahead of others that those potentialities did in fact exist and could be achieved.This paper makes clear the various performance requirements of advanced batteries for EV or HEV application, focusing in particular on the critical aspects of the battery thermal design and construction for system stability. It also explains how the power output of the lithium-ion battery has been substantially improved for application to HEVs.
Highlights
Research and development efforts are under way to put environmental vehicles on the market
We have been focusing on lithium-ion battery systems because of their inherent potential for building future power sources for environmental vehicles
It is seen that the PHEV battery, which must discharge a large current in this driving mode, shows the highest temperature rise, indicating a severe thermal condition
Summary
Research and development efforts are under way to put environmental vehicles on the market. Since 1992, a full-scale program has been under way to research and develop lithium-ion batteries suitable to each type of environmental vehicle.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] In that process, we demonstrated for the first time anywhere that lithium-ion batteries are outstanding battery systems in terms of capacity, and with respect to their high power characteristics.[16,17,18,19,20,21]. This paper discusses lithium-ion batteries from the dual perspectives of battery performance optimization and system feasibility, including the thermal design, with regard to their use on different types of environmental vehicles
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