Abstract
Stem cells are crucial in tissue engineering, and their microenvironment greatly influences their behavior. Among the various dental stem cell types, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) have shown great potential for regenerating the pulp-dentin complex. Microenvironmental cues that affect SCAPs include physical and biochemical factors. To research optimal pulp-dentin complex regeneration, researchers have developed several models of controlled biomimetic microenvironments, ranging from in vivo animal models to in vitro models, including two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional devices. Among these models, the most powerful tool is a microfluidic microdevice, a tooth-on-a-chip with high spatial resolution of microstructures and precise microenvironment control. In this review, we start with the SCAP microenvironment in the regeneration of pulp-dentin complexes and discuss research models and studies related to the biological process.
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