Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR) is a devastating viral disease which leads to fatal encephalitis and respiratory disorders in pigs. Commercial gE-deleted live pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine has been widely used to control this disease in China. However, the new-emerging variants of PRV compromises the protection provided by current vaccines and lead to the outbreak of PR in vaccinated pig herds. Several killed and live vaccine candidates based on current PRV variants have been reported to be effective to control the disease. A subunit vaccine based on gB protein, one major PRV glycoprotein which elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses, however, was never evaluated for protection against the current circulating PRV variants. In this study, full-length PRV gB protein was successfully expressed in baculovirus/insect cells in the soluble format and was tested on 3-week-old piglets as a subunit vaccine. Compared with unvaccinated pigs, the gB-vaccinated pigs developed specific antibody-mediated responses and were protected from the virulent PRV HN1201 challenge. All vaccinated pigs survived without showing any PRV-specific respiratory and neurological signs, but all unvaccinated pigs died within 7 days after HN1201 challenge. Hence, this novel gB-based vaccine could be applied as an effective subunit vaccine to control PRV variant in China.
Highlights
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), known as Aujeszky’s disease virus, is an economically important swine viral disease worldwide[1]
A range of killed and live vaccines based on current PRV variant strains were developed and tested on pigs, and the results showed these vaccines can provide useful protection against the PRV infection[6,7,8]
The PRV vaccines based on glycoprotein gB, gC and gD of vaccine strains were expressed in different systems including baculovirus, adenovirus and Sindbis virus[11,13,18]
Summary
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), known as Aujeszky’s disease virus, is an economically important swine viral disease worldwide[1]. Since 2011, the PRV variants were reported to be circulating in vaccinated pig herds and caused PR-specific clinical symptoms with a high mortality rate[3,4,5]. A range of killed and live vaccines based on current PRV variant strains were developed and tested on pigs, and the results showed these vaccines can provide useful protection against the PRV infection[6,7,8]. The development and efficacy of subunit vaccines based on current PRV variants has not been reported. Compared to the other types of vaccines, the gBbased subunit vaccine is safer and less expensive but provides good protection to PRV infection
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