Research advances on 'extra-criteria’ manifestations and antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome

Abstract

The 2006 Sydney classification criteria, which is most commonly used in the dignosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by far, improves the sensitivity of the diagnosis but suffers a lack of specificity. Extra-criteria manifestations are associated with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) and thrombosis, thus fully recognizing them could help make treament decision and improve the prognosis of part of the patients with probable APS, in whom serological examination suggests APS but clinical criterias are not met. On the other hand, with the development of basic researches, new serum antibodies have been discovered to be related to arteriovenous thrombosis and pregnancy morbidities. Those new biomarkers could help physicians enhance risk assessment and treatment decision for patients with adequate clinical menifestations for the classification criteria but negative laboratory tests, also known as seronegative APS (ANAPS). This article would spread out extra-criteria manifestations and non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies associated with APS. Key words: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); Extra-criteria manifestations; Non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies; Seronegative APS (SNAPS)