Research Advances in the Development of Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis with Abnormal Mechanical Load, Inflammation, and Hemarthrosis

Abstract

Knee injuries predominantly caused by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and meniscal harm are most frequent among young people and sports activities enthusiasts. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs in 25-50% of people with knee injuries. Previous researchers have thought that cartilage damage is caused by PTOA, but a growing body of research suggests that inflammation plays a key role in the development of PTOA. Hemarthrosis from knee injury may exacerbate inflammation of PTOA, and although mechanical symptoms such as joint instability and joint twisting can be relieved by surgical treatment, they are less effective in preventing PTOA progression. In order to explore more effective anti-inflammatory treatment plans to forestall PTOA progression, this article intends to review and summarize the results of the results on the pathophysiological mechanism of post-traumatic intra-articular inflammation, so as to identify potential targets and timing for future PTOA prevention and treatment, and provide theoretical guidance for clinical practice.