Requirements of phytochemical food composition databases: Comparing current use in food industry and biomedical research

Abstract

s / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (2014) 1e55 44 Results: Lipid content was 36% of seed weight and rich in TAG (86% of total lipid), 31% lipid was extracted by hexane, providing 96% TAG. Chloroformmethanol extraction of meal recovered a further 4.8% polar lipid (PL) rich extract. The PL were: phosphatidyl choline (69%) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (13%). DHA composition was 6.8% in TAG, 3.0% in glycolipid and 1.6% in PL. Relative levels of a-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in all fractions were higher in transformed seed than in unmodified seed (39-54% versus 12-32%, respectively). The phytosterol profile was similar to unmodified seed. Conclusions: Camelina could be grown as a new and renewable source of DHA-rich oil for use in animal and aquaculture feeds. Inclusion of this oil in foods may increase dietary intake of DHA and lead to improved n-3:n-6 status and health outcomes in humans. Funding source(s): CSIRO. REQUIREMENTS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL FOOD COMPOSITION DATABASES: COMPARING CURRENT USE IN FOOD INDUSTRY AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH A. Clancy , Y. Probst , A. McMahon , K. Woods . 1 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia E-mail: akc834@uowmail.edu.au (A. Clancy) Background/Aims: Phytochemicals found in plant foods may be linked to disease prevention. Internationally, the recognition of the role of phytochemicals on human health has prompted development of phytochemical FCDs to explore dietary intake data. However such a database is not currently available for Australia. This study aimed to examine requirements of stakeholders surrounding phytochemical food composition databases, comparing to their current use in biomedical research and the food industry sectors. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken to extract English language articles, which used phytochemical food composition databases for their data analysis. Web of Science, Scopus and Medline databases were searched using the time-frame 1999-2014 and keyword combinations; food, nutrient, composition, phytochemical, phytonutrient, flavonoid, alkaloid, phenol, and database. Results: Thirty four articles met the specified criteria. The majority (56%, n 1⁄4 19) of the studies utilised phytochemical databases for assessing a dietdisease relationship. One or more of the USDA databases (e.g. flavonoid) was used in 38% (n 1⁄4 13) of the studies. Missing values, geographically inappropriate data, and lack of consideration of bioavailability, food processing and cooking methods were limitations to use in the research sector. No literature was available specifically on food industry use of phytochemical databases. Conclusions: An ideal FCD would comprise of a complete, up to date dataset, which accounts for food analysis, processing, bioavailability and geographical diversity. Further research into the needs and practical use of databases would be beneficial to clarify the findings of this review and aid in future database development. Funding source(s): NHMRC. BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA L.) REDUCES THE GLYCAEMIC AND INSULIN RESPONSE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS L. Ryan , A. Fraser , P.S. Thondre . Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, VIC, Australia; 2 Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK E-mail: l.ryan@monash.edu (L. Ryan) Background/Aims: Polyphenols have been shown to be able to attenuate disturbances in the postprandial glycaemic response and thus may have important implications for prevention and/or management of T2DM. Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruit extract has received attention in the scientific literature recently due to its soluble fibre content. However, we have previously demonstrated that baobab also contains a number of bioactive compounds including polyphenols. The aim of this study was to elucidate the postprandial glycaemic profile following consumption of 50 g available carbohydrate from a functional drink with added baobab extract. Methods: Seventeen healthy subjects consumed one of three beverages: reference drink glucose-monohydrate (GLU), matched control milk drink (MCON, matched for soluble fibre content), or baobab-enriched milk drink (BAO), in a randomised crossover design and measurements of blood glucose and blood insulin were collected over a 2.5 hour postprandial period. Results: Incremental area under the curve analysis revealed significant differences between the BAO and MCON drinks for glucose response (20.4 ± 4.2 vs. 30.9 ± 2.4 mmol/L/min respectively; p < 0.05) and insulin response (1,745.1 ± 268.1 vs. 2,205.7 ± 400.9 mU/mL/min respectively; p < 0.05) using repeated measures ANOVA. Both were also significantly (p < 0.05) lower than GLU. Conclusions: We hypothesise that the phytochemicals within baobab may be responsible for reducing the glycaemic and insulin response. These data add to a growing body of literature to support the potential of baobab as a functional food ingredient. Funding source(s): Technology Strategy Board and Medical Research Council, UK. THE LOW FODMAP DIET AND GUT-DIRECTED HYPNOTHERAPY ARE EQUALLY EFFICACIOUS IN PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYDNROME S. Peters , C. Yao , S. Shepherd , H. Philpott , G. Yelland , J. Muir , P. Gibson . Department of Gastroenterology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia E-mail: simone.peters@monash.edu (S. Peters) Background/Aims: Gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) is increasingly recommended to IBS patients. Nevertheless, it is difficult to attain highquality evidence for its efficacy given the constraints of psychologicallybased trials i.e. difficulty designing a placebo. An alternative is to compare GDH to a therapy with proven efficacy. This study aimed to determine if GDH is non-inferior in efficacy to the low FODMAP diet (LFD) and to assess whether they have additive effects. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was performed in IBS patients (Rome-III) comparing (a) LFD (education in week 1, review at week 6); (b) GDH (six one-hour hypnosis sessions for 6 weeks); (c) a combination of both. The primary endpoint was change in overall gastrointestinal symptoms evaluated using a 100 mm visual-analogue-scale (VAS) at 6 weeks and 6 months post-treatment. Results: Of 74 participants (mean age 40, SD 14; 14 male), 24 received LFD, 25 GDH and 25 combination therapy. The groups were well matched. A significant change in overall gastrointestinal symptoms was observed at week 6, mean VAS 1⁄4 33.10 mm, 95%CI: 27.78, 38.41, p < 0.0001; and 6 months post-treatment, mean VAS 1⁄4 29.87 mm, 95%CI: 23.20, 36.53, p < 0.0001. Improvement of 20 mm at week 6 was seen in 72% of participants. No difference was observed between treatment groups at week 6 (p 1⁄4 0.67; one-way-between-groups ANOVA) or 6 months post-treatment (p 1⁄4 0.16). Conclusions: The efficacy for GDH is similar to that of LFD for relief of gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients. The benefit of both therapies is maintained long-term. There was no additive effect of combining treatments. GDH is an effective alternative to the LFD. Funding source(s): Andrea-Joy Logan Scholarship. IN VITRO AMYLASE DIGESTION OF EXTRUDED MAIZE AND HIGH AMYLOSE MAIZE STARCHES AND EVOLUTION OF STARCH STRUCTURE A.K. Shrestha , B.M. Flanagan , S. Dhital , J. Blazek , E.P. Gilbert , M.G. Gidley . Nutrition and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and Food Science, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, NSW, Australia E-mail: a.shrestha@uws.edu.au (A.K. Shrestha) Background/Aims: Starch digestibility influences the calorie intake as well as gastro-intestinal health. High amylose maize starches (HAMS) are known to have greater enzyme resistance than those with lower amylose levels. So far, structural features responsible for the slow digestion of extrudate are not fully understood. The current work is aimed to compare