Requirements for Optical-Hardware-Software Systems for Modeling Three-Dimensional Visually Observable Space for Training Simulators for Locomotives

Abstract

The increased power of the hardware and software complexes and the sharp improvement in the quality of television screens at the same time as the price of their television allowed to solve the problem of simulating visually observed terrain behind the simulator window for the preparation of the locomotive driver. Such a system is a imitator of the visual situation, standing from a computer image generator and 3D indicator. However, the availability of modeling does not imply the need for system analysis to select the main nodes of the 3D modeling system. When training on the simulator, the driver interacts not with real objects, but with their models. Since it is impossible to create a complete model, in studying the simulator complex it is necessary to take into account the negative consequences of the “unreliability” of the synthesis of visible 3D models located in the 3D space model, in comparison with real analogues. The comparison was carried out in the study of the peculiarities of the decision making by the locomotive driver, while controlling the real locomotive, using the information obtained by viewing the terrain through the cab window. Studies have shown that in order to carry out a comparative analysis, it is necessary to develop criteria for assessing the imitator of the visual situation. It was determined that at present the main criterion for the successful modeling of a three-dimensional image in the locomotive operator's integrated simulator is the requirement to train professional skills in determining the distance to visible 3D models. Earlier similar tasks were investigated and successfully solved in aviation simulators. Their solution showed that such a problem can be solved using pseudo-3D 3D imaging systems. Two classes of 3D modeling systems are used: one-channel and two-channel. Each class allows the trainee to see 3D images of sufficient quality so that he can train his visual apparatus and use it to visually distance the selected object. Each class of 3D imaging systems will allow a person to see a 3D image due to exposure to certain components of the person's vision. Single-channel, needleless 3D modeling systems affect the accommodation and convergence of human vision. Two-channel effects on the disparity of human vision. Each 3D image modeling class has its disadvantages and advantages. The choice of a specific class of modeling 3D images is determined by the tasks set in the TOR for the simulator. After selecting the 3D simulation modeling class, it is necessary to determine the composition of the main nodes of the imitator of the visual situation in order to perform the tasks set in the TOR for the simulator. The article shows one of the possible methods for assessing the main nodes of the visual environment simulator, which allows to determine the composition of the optical-software-hardware simulation complex of the required 3D image for the train simulator of the locomotive driver. The quality of the formation of the information space should ensure the formation of the trainee's professional skills in locomotive management.