REPUTE: An OpenCL based Read Mapping Tool for Embedded Genomics

Abstract

Genomics is transforming medicine from reactive to personalized, predictive, preventive and participatory (P4). The massive amount of data produced by genomics is a major challenge as it requires extensive computational capabilities, consuming large amounts of energy. A crucial prerequisite for computational genomics is genome assembly but the existing mapping tools used are predominantly software based, optimized for homogeneous high-performance systems. In this paper, we propose an OpenCL based REad maPper for heterogeneoUs sysTEms (REPUTE), which can use diverse and parallel compute and storage devices effectively. Core to this tool are dynamic programming based filtration and verification kernel to map the reads on multiple devices, concurrently. We show hardware/software co-design and implementations of REPUTE across different platforms, and compare it with state-of-the-art mappers. We demonstrate the performance of mappers on two systems: 1) Intel CPU + 2 x Nvidia GPUs; 2) HiKey970 embedded SoC with ARM Cortex-A73/A53 cores. The results show that REPUTE outperforms other read mappers in most cases producing up to 13x speedup with better or comparable accuracy. We also demonstrate that the embedded implementation can achieve up to 27x energy savings, enabling low-cost genomics.